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In August 1976, the Association sponsored a "Self-Sustaining Family Habitation Design Competition" through its Mission for Mankind program. The competition was open to all members of the APEO, OACETT and to students of engineering and technology in Ontario. The competition provided a worthwhile opportunity for engineers and technologists to use their creative powers and technical know-how in a major project that would fill a major societal need. The judges for the competition were: L. Atkinson, P.Eng., G.K. Minteith, P.Eng. and Professor I.W. Smith, P.Eng. The judges noted that they were extremely gratified and impressed with the quality and quantity of the submissions received. The competition called for the design of components for a completely self-sustaining family habitation, that would generate it own heat and energy from the sun and wind, recycle its own waste material and grow its own food - all without dispensing with the conveniences earned by past discovery. Submissions were expected to employ the latest technology, seek simplicity, utilize natural resources and materials on the site and to look for comfort and adaptability. Projects could be structural, mechanical, electrical, chemical or agricultural and could involve components, assemblies, devices or systems as long as the submissions provided both conceptual and detailed drawings, required specifications and all other pertinent data necessary to actually build the project. The winning entry was submitted by Mr. Paul D. Tinari, a first year student in Engineering at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. He also happened to be the youngest participant, being only 18 years old when he submitted his entry. Mr. Tinari selected as his basic structure a spherical shape, constructed of interlocking, pre-fabricated concrete slabs, properly sealed and covered with a layer of earth 1 m deep, then sodded, with spherical greenhouse windows protruding from the south east and south west sides of the first floor level. The judges noted that this simple design provided maximum strength/weight ratios, minimum surface/volume ratios, minimum foundation requirements and easy and rapid on-site assembly. For the heat source, Mr. Tinari selected innovative south-facing spherical solar collectors (which he invented) that were designed to continually present a portion of surface at 90 degrees to the incident solar radiation, thus avoiding the need for complicated sun "follow" mechanisms. Heat storage was accomplished using a unique combination of water and wax (which he also invented) that was able to significantly increase the amount of heat stored per unit volume by using the latent heat of the melting wax. A vertical, three-bladed "eggbeater" windmill with 3 m blades and equipped with starting buckets was mounted on the top of the structure and was used to provide electrical power to the house. Excess power was stored in a bank of batteries located in the basement. For waste recycling, the young engineering student selected a bio-digestion process to reprocess all of the household wastes and sewage into methane gas, that was stored in a tank in the basement. The gas is used for cooking, back-up heating during sunless days and recharging the batteries where there were many windless days. Food requirements would be supplied by the two greenhouse "glass domes" located on south side of the first level in which plants. fish and small animals would be raised.〔The Ontario Digest and Engineering Digest - The Magazine of the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario (APEO), November 1977, p.12 and February 1978, p. 8.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Self Sustaining Family Habitations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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